The Nakhodka Oil Spill and Its Bioremediation

Siti Khodijah Chaerun
The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology,
Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, West Java Province, Indonesia;
E-mail: skchaerun@sith.itb.ac.id

Abstract

The Nakhodka oil spill that occurred on the 2nd of January 1997 in the Sea of Japan caused not only hydrocarbon contamination but also heavy metal contamination. Elements indigenous to the spill included Si, S, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn of which chromium (Cr) was the most abundant heavy metal. The Nakhodka oil spill was mainly composed of aliphatic hydrocarbons (n-alkanes of C9-C30) with low content of aromatic hydrocarbons. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed the abundance of oil-degrading bacteria in the spill-polluted sites, identified as Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Paracoccus spp., Cycloclasticus pugetii, Alcanivorax borkumensis, Sphingomonas subarctica, and Halomonas sp. Oil-degrading fungi that were identified as Rhinocladiella sp., Aspergillus sp., Acremonium sp., and Penicillium sp. also had a significant role in the spill bioremediation under acidic condition. Laboratory studies revealed that clay minerals (kaolinite and montmorillonite) in the spill-polluted seawater were capable of stimulating oil-degrading bacteria: they serve as both the bacterial growth-supporting carrier and protective outer layers of oil-degrading bacterial cell walls; Si from them facilitates bacterial usage of oil; and they form C-O-Si complexes on the surfaces of bacterial cell walls that are a stimulator for bacterial growth in the presence of oil spill.

Estimation of Recreational Value by Travel Cost Method for Conservation
of  The Strict Nature Reserve and Recreation Park of Tangkuban Parahu Mountain, West Java

Yeni Hendriani1,2, Tati S. Subahar1,  A. Sjarmidi1, Devi, N. Choesin1
Schooll of life Sciences and Technology,  ITB
Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40732
Science Education Development center Bandung
Jalan Diponegoro No. 12 Bandung
e-mail: tati@sith.itb.ac.id
ynsedc@yahoo.co.id.

Abstract

Mount Tangkuban Parahu (MTP) is protected as strict nature reserve and recreation park. These ecosystems provide many benefits to humans  such as, fuelwood, timber, and recreational. The objectives of this study was to estimate the value of MTP as recreational site (recreational value) by using Travel Cost Method (TCM). There are four  parameter  which were observed in this study; socioeconomic characteristics of the visitors, trip time, trip costs, and visitors expectation. Collecting of data conducted by interview and questioner to visitors in three field sites which were selected. There are Bus Station, 'Kawah Ratu, and main gate.  The results indicate that various background of visitor MTP base on age, gender, education, and occupation, that  will generate expectation which different each other to object visited. The recreational value of MTP is $ 10,341,541.704. To increase the function of MTP as ecotourism site, it seems that the management of MTP should improve and add some facilities (small road, rest area, garbage) and information facilities such as the history and natural phenomena of  MTP using multimedia.

THE APPLICATION OF QUANTUM TEACHING
ON NOMENCLATURE OF COMPOUNDS AND CHEMICAL REACTION EQUATION
AT STATE SECONDARY SCHOOL 4, BANDA ACEH

•  Sri Adelila Sari1, Basor Suhada2, Muliana1, and M.N. Mara1
  1)Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Unsyiah, Banda Aceh
  (e-mail: adelila@yahoo.com); 2) PPPPTK IPA, Bandung (email: basorsuhada@gmail.com)

Abstract

The perpetual question facing our education system is how to improve students' academic performance on standardized tests, enhance teachers' instructional techniques and increase student achievement overall. Based on that question, therefore this study aimed to determine student learning outcomes based on cognitive and affective domains measurement after the implementation of quantum teaching on compounds nomenclature and chemical reaction equation of the achievement the minimum exhaustiveness criteria (KKM). Subjects in this study were students of State Secondary School 4, Banda Aceh in the class X1 with totaling 29 students which were consisted of 14 males and 15 females. The control class chosen was X3. The steps of quantum teaching methods applied were: Enroll, Experience, Learn & label, Demonstrate, Review & reflect, and Celebration. Based on cognitive domain measurement, results showed that 89.7% of students have achieved exhaustiveness learning. From the observation, the student affective domain has been increase from 27.6% at the first meeting, 72.4% at the second and 93.1% at the third meeting, respectively. Thus, the classical exhaustiveness of learning by applying the quantum teaching has been reached. It was concluded that the application of quantum teaching in this class could improve the student learning results in material of nomenclature of compounds and chemical reaction equation.

THE INFLUENCE OF ELEMENTARY TEACHERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARD ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION BEHAVIOUR

Muhamad Sohib, Nuryani Y. Rustaman, and Asmawi Zainul

Abstract

The descriptive study of ex post facto survey design was undertaken to investigate the influence of teachers' attitudes toward the behavior of elementary school (SD) in environmental education. A number of elementary school teachers led by SEDEC in Bandung (n = 30) was involved as the research subjects. Data was taken by the scale of attitude and behavior questionnaire after teachers in environmental education to be validated by the experts and those were tested for its reliability.  It was obtained that there were some following results from the results of data hypothesis testing and analysis using excel. The scale of  teacher attitudes towards environmental education  is (mean = 7.9) which is positively correlated with the behavior of environmental education (mean = 8.4).  The correlation coefficient is 0.4526, having tested its significance by t test (t calculated = 2.6850> t tables for α = 2.048 = 0.05). Thus, the study has concluded that there is significant influence between attitudes and behavior in environmental education  toward teachers who become research subjects with a medium level.